Set a hugo blog on Kubernetes

Overview

Since last year I been trying to become an SRE (Site Reliability Engineer), so I been involved with some emerging technologies, like ansible, docker and on this time with kubernetes.

This time, I will try to explain how I containerized my blog using:

• Hugo
• Docker
• Kubernetes
• Quay
• Git

Architecture

So, I take some ideas from here and I modify them and adapt the architecture described to my options.

The principal changes that I made are:

• My Kubernetes cluster is running on 2 cloud server on Rackspace Public Cloud
• The container registry that I’m using is Quay
• Rackspace Public Cloud does not support a Kubernetes LoadBalancer service automatically, so I simulate that behavior adding a Cloud Load Balancer manually after the Kubernetes service provide me the port.

Containerized

I use Hugo to deploy my blog, I used to do it as mentioned on this previous post (In Spanish).

Now, as a part of containerize the blog it make sense to me to create two stages as described here:

• The first stage is a defined build environment containing all required build tools (hugo, pygments) and the source of the website (Git repository).
• The second stage is the build artifact (HTML and assets), from the first stage and a webserver to serve the artifact over HTTP.

Dockerfile

Here is the Dockerfile that containerize the blog:

FROM ubuntu:latest as STAGEONE

# install hugo
ENV HUGO_VERSION=0.41
ADD https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v${HUGO_VERSION}/hugo_${HUGO_VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz /tmp/
RUN tar -xf /tmp/hugo_${HUGO_VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/

# install syntax highlighting
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y python3-pygments

# build site
COPY source /source
RUN hugo --source=/source/ --destination=/public/

FROM nginx:stable-alpine
RUN apk --update add curl bash
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
COPY modules/nginx.luiscachog.io.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/luiscachog.io.conf
COPY --from=STAGEONE /public/ /usr/share/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80 443

MAINTAINER Luis Cacho <[email protected]>

First Stage

• Fetch the lastest Ubuntu image and name as STAGEONE
• Install the last available hugo version from source.
• Install pygments library to use it for highlighting.
• Build the site with hugo and the output is set on /public as a build artifact.

Second Stage

• Fetch the lastest stable nginx alpine image.
• Update the image and install some utilities.
• Delete the default nginx configuration file.
• Copy the configuration files needed from the repository root directory.
• Copy the build artifact /public from the previous stage (STAGEONE)